Drugs For The Patient That Has Diabetes Mellitus - 919 Words

Introduction: The article published by American Journal of Nursing discussed about a case report and evidence in choosing among available drugs for the patient that has diabetes mellitus. In December 2012, it was reported that there are merely 26.9 % of people aged 65 and above living in the United States has been diagnosed with diabetes. Also, it is stated that there are about 13.7 % of American ages 45-64 and 2 million people ages 20 and older have the disease. There are two types of diabetes; Type 1 depends on controlling the blood glucose and an insulin doses while people with Type 2 can be controlled by diet and exercise and can also be managed with oral medications. There are several known medications that can be given to the patient but it all depends to the existing comorbidity. The providers should be able know the best diabetes drug with associating the risk associated with each medication. The article presents a case of the male patient who is 67 years African-American with diabetes mellitus type 2 and co-existing Hypertension, atrial fibrillation, obese and heart failure. The patient doesn t have a health insurance and can only afford $4 worth of medication per month. The patient is taking glipizide 10 mg twice a day but it seems like the medication is not effective because HbA1c remain to level of 8.2%. He was initially referred for insulin injections but unable to learn the process because of poor mental skills and unable to rea d. Pharmacology: The caseShow MoreRelatedType Ii Diabetes Mellitus. â€Å"In 2010, An Estimated 25.81470 Words   |  6 PagesType II Diabetes Mellitus â€Å"In 2010, an estimated 25.8 million people in the United States had diabetes mellitus, of which approximately 1 million have type 1 diabetes and most of the rest have type 2 diabetes † (Papadakis et al., 2014) That means that in 2010 about 24.8 million people suffered from type 2 diabetes. Diabetes mellitus is impaired insulin secretion and variable degrees or peripheral insulin resistance leading to hyperglycemia (Porter, Kaplan, 2011). Type II diabetes has become moreRead MoreDiabetes Mellitus : A Group Of Metabolic Diseases Characterized By Hyperglycemia Resulting From Defects1463 Words   |  6 PagesDiabetes Mellitus is â€Å"a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action or both. It is a disease which is caused by the insufficient insulin secretion or decrease in the peripheral effects of insulin. It is a serious problem in terms of morbidity and mortality. The hyperglycemia is associated w ith long term damage, dysfunction and failure of various organs especially the eyes, kidneys, nerves, heart and blood vessels. It’s associatedRead MoreDiabetes Mellitus Essay1600 Words   |  7 Pages Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 In Children INTRODUCTION: Diabetes is not a single disease it is a multifactorial group of syndromes all characterized by an increase in the level of blood glucose that occurs due to lack of presence of insulin. Mainly, the less release of insulin leads to excess deposition of glycogen which is a peptide hormone synthesized by the pancreas and plays a role in raising the level of glucose in blood. (Mycek, 2007). Diabetes is usually divided into two types, insulin dependentRead MoreDiabetes And Drug Treatment Of Diabetes799 Words   |  4 PagesDiabetes and Drug Treatments Diabetes represents one of the most challenging disorders facing the United States population. Diabetes can be classified as Diabetes Mellitus type I, Diabetes Mellitus type II, Gestational Diabetes, and secondary diabetes from other conditions. At least 90% of diabetes is type 2, and the complications could be avoided by carefully managing hyperglycemia, hypertension and dyslipidemia (Wilbur, 2013). Therefore, the healthcare industry is spending vast amounts of timeRead MoreDiabetes Mellitus As A Disability1555 Words   |  7 Pagesamount of patients being diagnosed with Diabetes Mellitus has sky-rocketed these past few years. ‘†In 2010 the figures were 25.8 million and 8.3%†Ã¢â‚¬  and has increased in ‘†2012 to 29.1 million Americans, or 9.3%.†(American Diabetes Association, 2014); it is seen nationwide, and has now even begun to affect our youth. In South Texas Diabetes Mellitus seems to be the number one thriving disease affecting its general population. Diabetes Mellitus is now one of the most widely known diseases that has turnedRead MoreInternational Conference On Harmonization Guidelines1612 Words   |  7 PagesRegulations (Part C, Division 5). 1.1 Background Diabetes mellitus is a common diseases in the world and Canada is diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Mellitus has been starting to grow all over the world. It is anticipated that the incidence of this disease will be increased dramatically in the next decade. The main reasons of this event are obesity, increasing the population mean age and reducing physical activities especially in industrialized countries. CCDSS has reported that in adult people who are overRead MoreEssay on Diabetes Mellitus1381 Words   |  6 Pages1. Discuss the pathophysiology of Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic condition in which the body has the inability to produce insulin or react normally to insulin. The pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus is extremely complex, as diabetes mellitus is characterized by different types but share common symptoms and complications. Diabetes mellitus is classified in two types: Type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Although the disease is characterized by different etiologiesRead MoreDiabetes : Diabetes And Diabetes Essay1172 Words   |  5 Pages Diabetes refers to clinically and heterogenous group of disorders described by abnormal high levels blood glucose. Diabetes is ranked as 6th leading cause of death. It direct annual medical costs is approximately over $ 92 billion, and another $ 40 billion indirect cost. It affects approximately 18.2 million people in the USA (Arcangelo Peterson, 2013). Explain the differences between types of diabetes including type 1, type 2, gestational, and juvenile diabetes. There are three major classificationRead MoreDiabetes mellitus type 2 is an endocrine disorder that causes impaired use of carbohydrates while900 Words   |  4 PagesDiabetes mellitus type 2 is an endocrine disorder that causes impaired use of carbohydrates while enhancing the use of proteins and lipids. This is called insulin resistance, in which the pancreas cannot make enough insulin to keep blood glucose levels normal, or the body is unable to use what is produced. The impairment causes blood glucose level to rise higher than normal. There is no cure for type 2 diabetes mellitus and it is life threatening when left untreated. Signs and symptoms of thisRead MoreThe Prevalence Of Gestational Diabetes1325 Words   |  6 PagesGestational diabetes is a glucose intolerance that develops during pregnancy. Early diagnosis and effective treatment are important because gestational diabetes can cause serious maternal and fetal complications. Diet and exercise are the first line tre atment options of gestational diabetes, while insulin therapy is the first line medical treatment option. Nurses’ play an important role in education and support of gestational diabetes because they provide day-to-day care for their patients. In this

The Human Respiratory System Diagnosis Questions Free Essays

A)How could an infection in Cari’s nasal passage and pharynx spread into her sinuses? a. Her infection was able to spread to her sinuses because her sinuses became an area that her nasal passages and pharynx could drain into. In here the drainage just sat there and became a breeding ground for bacteria. We will write a custom essay sample on The Human Respiratory System: Diagnosis Questions or any similar topic only for you Order Now B)What is the Cough Reflex? Describe the process that Cari’s respiratory system is using to clear her lungs by coughing? a. The cough reflex is used to get things like irritants and fluid which causes us to have sputum out of the nasal passage and pharynx. The cilia or little hairs that are in our trachea is trying to move that mucus and crap from her lungs because they don’t want it there so when there is too much mucus it triggers the cough reflex try to get it out to make more room. C)Which structures found in the terminal bronchioles and alveoli normally would protect Cari’s lungs from infectious pathogens and particulate fluid? a. The structure that would normally help with this are the Macrophages. They are normal found in the terminal bronchioles and alveoli. D)How would the resistance of Cari’s airway be affected by excess mucus and fluid in her lungs? . It would cause her airway to have resistance because of the fluid buildup would cause her airway to be smaller in diameter. With all of the fluid in her lungs some of her alveoli would be under this fluid causing them not to be able to work like they should and causing friction. E)How would Cari’s lung compliance (the effort required to expand the lu ngs) be altered as her alveoli fill with fluid due to pneumonia? a. It would increase I believe because she will be working harder to gases In and out of the alveoli. F)How would fluid in Cari’s lungs affect her total lung capacity? a. Her overall lung capacity would be lowered or decreased because of all the fluid in there. With the fluid in there it is taking up all the space that she would normally use for air which means she can’t get as much air in her lungs. G)How does the elevation of Cari’s respiratory rate alter her minute ventilation? a. It would be alter becaused it would be raised. It raises it because she has more volume in her lungs. H)Normal blood oxygen saturation levels are greater than 94%. Cari’s blood oxygen saturation level was 90% at the time of her exam and an arterial blood gas analysis done when she was admitted to the hospital revealed her arterial Po2 was 54 mm Hg. How do these clinical findings relate to the internal respiration in Cari’s body? a. First a normal resting oxygen level should be 94% or higher with no oxygen supplements. A normal Po2 on a person resting is 40 mm Hg and if it was someone that was exercise it would be even lower so the 90% and 50 mmHg means that the arteries have too much oxygen. I)Which symptoms Cari has described are due to lack of oxygen and reduced oxygen exchanged at her tissues? . When she said â€Å"Panting like a dog†. This would be a symptom of what is going on. J)As Cari’s Pco2 rose, how was the oxygen –carrying capacity of hemoglobin affected? a. It will decrease since the CO2 will take oxygen place on the bus which means she will be getting more oxygen and the CO2 will be taken and gott en rid of. K)How would you have expected Cari’s decreased Pco2 and alkaline blood pH to have affected her breathing? a. Since her pH and Pco2 is decreasing so is her rate of breathing because she is not having to work as hard. How to cite The Human Respiratory System: Diagnosis Questions, Papers

Performance Appraisal and Starbucks Essay Example For Students

Performance Appraisal and Starbucks Essay Introduction: I am going to discuss what kind of performance appraisal strategies Starbucks uses, and if they seem to be effective or ineffective, and why. Then I will discuss what other performance appraisal methods are being used by Starbucks today and if they are effective. Finally I will tell you what kind of advice I would offer to Starbucks. First I will discuss what kind of performance appraisals Starbucks uses and if there effective. Starbucks Appraisals: Starbucks starts off their employees with training. A process for identifying, evaluating and developing the job performance of staff so that organizational goals and objectives are more effectively achieved while simultaneously benefiting staff through recognition, the giving of feedback and catering for work and career needs (2). This is very effective because the employees know exactly what is expected of them form the very beginning. However, Starbucks must be sensitive to the performance appraisal, and compensation techniques that best fit the country in which they are operating. Supervisors and employees fear the performance appraisal because even a good rating can come across as mediocre to employees, especially with terms like meets expectations, satisfactory performance or average (1). At YMCA the leaders increased the coaching their managers on performance reviews and on how to give consistent feedback throughout the year (1). No matter what your job is consistent feedback will let employees know how they are performing and let them know the areas they need to improve in. Now I will discuss what other performance appraisal methods are being used by Starbucks today and if they are effective. Starbucks Other Performance Appraisals: Starbuck also uses their Mission Statement as a form of Performance Appraisal Overall, the aim of becoming a worldwide global brand. ‘’To inspire and nurture the human spirit-one person, or and one neighborhood at a time (2). † Starbuck also uses Key Results Are (KRA) to guide their employees. All partners at Starbucks are given the performance standards, code of conduct, ethic standards, key result area, laws, rules and regulations (2). This process is communicated and a copy is given at the introduction of the employment and updated through partners meetings or memos. Partners are also encouraged to check notice boards and Starbucks website for any information they want. Every partner employed at Starbucks including the board of directors live under same code and contains the specific corporate policies adopted by? the board of directors that relate to the legal and ethical standards of contact of directors, partners and franchises of the company (2). The code can be changed in order to help the partners who out depend on the country they are employed in and what the countries laws, roles, culture backgrounds and current states of the country (2). This KRA, code of conduct, and performance appraisals are vital in ensuring Starbucks employees stay on track and focused on the Mission Statement. Now, that I have discussed what other methods are being used by Starbucks today, I will discuss what advice I would give them. Advice: The advice I would give Starbuck is keep on doing what you are doing. Stay focused on your customer and employees. Starbucks has an excellent HRM policy in place and they have the one of the lowest turn over rates among other stores. Conclusion: I discussed what kind of performance appraisal strategies Starbucks uses, and told you they seem to be effective. Then I discussed what other performance appraisal methods are being used by Starbucks today and if they are effective. Finally I told you what kind of advice I would offer to Starbucks.  ¬Ã‚ ¬ References: (1). Fox, A.. (2009, January). Curing What Ails Performance Reviews. HRMagazine, 54(1), 52-56. Retrieved August 14, 2010, from ABI/INFORM Global. (Document ID: 1635328121). (2) Manage People Performance Task 1 (4)5 (Re-submitted Edition) (2009) Retrieved on 14 August from http://www. scribd. com/doc/20882933/Manage-People-Performance-Task-1-4-5-Re-submittied-Edition-1